For the brain to function properly, neurons must form complex networks by establishing precise connections, or synapses, with the dendrites of other neurons. The patterns of dendritic branching determine how each neuron receives and integrates information. Because this branching is essential for neural communication, disruptions in the process are linked to developmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Yet, how new dendritic branches form in the right place at the right time has remained unclear.
A new study published in Development by scientists at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (The Institute) has revealed an important piece of that puzzle: two proteins, Spire and Rab11, work together to spark the growth of new dendritic branches.
Led by Don van Meyel, PhD, senior scientist in the Brain Research and Integrative Neuroscience program at The Institute, the research team showed how Spire and Rab11 cooperate to shape dendrite architecture. By uncovering how these proteins act together to trigger branch formation, the study provides new insight into how neural circuits develop and adapt.